Weather in Egypt

A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding the Weather of Egypt

Introduction to Egypt's Climate

My journey into understanding the intriguing weather in Egypt began when I first set foot in this ancient land of pyramids and pharaohs. The awe-inspiring monuments and the rich cultural heritage are not the only things that catch your attention in Egypt; the climate of this North African country is just as fascinating. It's a world where the sun's heat can be relentless but also where cool breezes blow across the Nile River.
Egypt's climate is primarily desert, characterized by hot summers and mild winters. This arid climate results from its geographical location between the Sahara and the Arabian deserts. But Egypt's climate is not just about scorching heat and desolate landscapes. The country also experiences variations in temperature and weather conditions due to the Mediterranean Sea's influence to the north and the Nile River's impact, which I will delve into in the subsequent sections.
Egypt's climate is one of contrasts and paradoxes. Its deserts are among the driest and hottest on earth, yet fertile lands along the Nile punctuate them. Understanding Egypt's climate is not just about comprehending the weather patterns; it's about gaining insights into its people's way of life, history, and culture.

Weather in Egypt: An Overview

When thinking about the weather in Egypt, the first thing that likely comes to mind is a relentless sun and scorching heat. And while that's true, there's more to the weather in Egypt than just that. The country experiences various weather conditions depending on the time of year and the region.
For instance, along the Mediterranean coast, the climate in Egypt is more temperate, with cooler and wetter winters compared to the rest of the country. For example, the coastal city of Alexandria experiences a Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
Further south, in cities such as Luxor and Aswan, the climate is much hotter and drier. Here, the influence of the surrounding deserts is more pronounced, leading to higher temperatures year-round. Extreme temperature variations, scorching daytime heat, and chilly nights characterize the desert regions.
Despite these regional variations, one common feature of the weather in Egypt is the almost constant presence of the sun. Egypt is one of the sunniest countries in the world, with some regions enjoying more than 3,500 hours of sunshine each year.
The Egyptian summer is hot and dry in most of the country and humid in the Delta and along the Mediterranean Coast. In recent years, the humidity has spread to Cairo, and the city swelters in August! Winter is mild with some rain, but usually, it is a bright, sunny day with cold nights.
During the summertime, sun protection is the most important single consideration for an Egypt trip, especially for the fair-skinned. Wearing a sunhat is essential. Cheap and pure cotton sunhats are made locally and available everywhere. Travel clothing should be light and comfortable, 100% cotton clothing is the best, and dependable shoes are a must! The climate of Egypt is characterized by a hot season from May to October and a fantastic season from October to May. The prevailing northern winds moderate extreme temperatures during both seasons.
The most humid area is along the Mediterranean coast, where the average annual rainfall is about 200mm. Precipitation decreases rapidly to the south; Cairo receives, on average, only about 29mm of rain each year, and in many desert locations, it may rain only once in several years!
Between March and April, there are five days called Khamsin, during which sandstorms can sporadically blow in different places according to the wind direction. Remember to cover your head at all times!

Understanding Egypt's Climate: Key Factors

Understanding Egypt's climate requires examining its key factors. Location is a critical element. Egypt is situated in the northeastern corner of the African continent, sandwiched between two deserts – the Sahara to the west and the Arabian Desert to the east. This geographical positioning largely determines Egypt's arid desert climate.
But it's not just the desert surroundings that shape Egypt's climate. The Mediterranean Sea to Egypt's north significantly moderates the country's temperature, particularly in the coastal regions. The sea's cooling effect makes the summers more bearable and the winters somewhat wetter and more relaxed than the desert interior.
Egypt's Nile River lifeline also influences the country's climate, creating a narrow strip of fertile land amid the desert expanses. The Nile Valley and Delta have a more temperate climate than the surrounding desert regions, with milder temperatures and higher humidity.

Egypt's Temperature: Monthly Breakdown

The temperature in Egypt varies significantly throughout the year. Let's examine Egypt's temperature by month to provide a clearer picture.
In January, the coldest month, the average temperature ranges from 14°C (57°F) in the north to 20°C (68°F) in the south. As we move into February and March, the temperatures start to rise gradually, heralding the arrival of spring.
The temperatures are significantly warmer by April and May, particularly in the southern regions. For instance, the average temperature in Cairo is about 28°C (82°F) in May.
The summer months, from June to August, are the hottest, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F) in the desert regions and the south. Even in the coastal areas, the temperature can reach up to 30°C (86°F).
In the coastal region, average annual temperatures range from a maximum of 37° C (99° F) to a minimum of 14° C (57° F). Wide variations of temperature occur in the deserts, ranging from a maximum of 46° C (114° F) during daylight hours to a minimum of 6° C (42° F) after sunset. During winter, desert temperatures often drop to 0° C (32° F).
Winter weather (between October and May) is colder than most people anticipate, and cold winds blow over the desert at sunrise and sunset. Even warm outside, it can be surprisingly hard inside the massive stone temples. In winter, showers can fall everywhere, so bring a few items of light but warm clothing so that you can cope with the cold early mornings and the occasional and unseasonable cold snap.
From September to November, the temperatures decline, offering respite from the intense summer heat. By December, the average temperature is back to the mid-teens and early twenties, marking the beginning of winter.

Rain in Egypt: Facts and Misconceptions

One common question arises when discussing the weather in Egypt: "Does it rain in Egypt?" Contrary to popular belief, it does, but not a lot, and not everywhere.
Rainfall in Egypt is scarce and unevenly distributed. The coastal regions along the Mediterranean Sea receive the most precipitation, particularly during winter. Alexandria, a coastal city, experiences a fair amount of rain compared to the rest of the country, with an annual average rainfall of about 200mm. In contrast, the desert regions and the southern part of the country see very little rain. In some years, these areas might not receive any rainfall at all. Cairo, for example, gets an average of just 25mm of precipitation annually.
One common misconception about Egypt's weather is that it never rains in the desert. While it's true that rainfall is scarce in desert regions, it's expected. When it does rain, it can be pretty heavy and often causes flash floods.

Egypt's Seasons: A Detailed Look

Egypt has two main seasons – a hot summer from May to October and a mild winter from November to April. However, the weather varies according to geographical location, resulting in several microclimates.
The coastal regions have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, somewhat rainy winters. The desert regions have an extreme environment, with blazing hot summers and cool, dry winters. The Nile Valley and Delta have a more temperate climate, with hot summers and mild winters.
Spring, known as the 'spring of winds,' is a short but significant season in Egypt, particularly in the northern and coastal regions. This season, typically in April, is marked by the hot, dusty wind known as 'khamsin.' This wind can significantly increase temperatures and reduce visibility, causing sandstorms.

How Hot Does it Get in Egypt?

"How hot does it get in Egypt?" is often asked by those planning to visit the country. The answer is quite hot, especially in the summer. Temperatures in the desert regions and the south can soar above 40°C (104°F) during the peak summer months of June, July, and August. Even in the cooler coastal regions, the temperature can reach up to 30°C (86°F) in summer. But it's not just the summer heat that visitors need to be prepared for. The desert regions are known for their extreme temperature variations, with the temperature dropping significantly at night. This can lead to surprisingly chilly evenings and nights, particularly during winter.

The Impact of Climate on Life in Egypt

The climate in Egypt has a profound impact on the country's life, influencing everything from the economy to the culture and lifestyle of its people. Agriculture, an essential sector of Egypt's economy, heavily depends on the weather and the Nile River's flooding patterns. The hot, sunny climate is also ideal for solar energy production, making Egypt a promising player in renewable energy.
The weather in Egypt shapes the country's culture and daily life in many ways. The intense heat dictates the rhythm of daily activities, with people often choosing to rest during the hottest part of the day and become more active in the cooler early morning and evening hours. The weather also influences traditional architecture, with houses designed to keep cool in the summer heat.

How to Prepare for Egypt's Weather

If you plan to visit Egypt, you must be prepared for the weather. Here are some tips to help you handle the Egyptian climate:

• Dress appropriately: Light, breathable clothing is recommended for the hot summer. Remember a hat and sunglasses to protect against the sun. For the cooler winter months, bring along a light jacket or sweater for the evenings.
• Stay hydrated: The hot, dry climate can dehydrate you quickly. Make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially if you're exploring the sights.
• Protect your skin: The sun in Egypt can be intense. Use a good sunscreen to protect your skin from harmful UV rays.
• Be prepared for the wind: If you're visiting during spring, prepare for the khamsin wind. This can cause sandstorms, so it's a good idea to carry a scarf or a mask to cover your face.

Embracing Egypt's Climate

Understanding the weather in Egypt is about more than just knowing what to pack. It's about gaining a deeper appreciation for this ancient land and its people, whose lives have been shaped by the Nile's fertile valley and the surrounding desert's harsh beauty.
From the desert's scorching heat to the Mediterranean's cool breezes, from the bustling streets of Cairo to the tranquil banks of the Nile, Egypt's climate is as diverse and intriguing as its history and culture. So whether you're planning a visit or wish to learn more about this fascinating country, I hope this comprehensive guide to understanding Egypt's weather has provided valuable insights.

My advice to you

Bring one or two dressy outfits for evenings out, especially for parties, special occasions, or to get out of your tour clothes! If you are staying in a hotel or on a cruise boat, please be warned that luxury hotels and all the Nile Cruises have efficient but surprisingly pricey laundry services. If you object to paying 20LE for laundry, you can wash out your T-shirts; bring some detergent and a few yards of the clothing line.
Also bring a swimsuit, as most good hotels and cruise ships have nice, warm swimming pools. 
If heading out into the desert, you will get dried quickly, so ensure you have a good water stock. Egyptian mineral water is available everywhere at less than 10LE per bottle.
Remember, every climate has its challenges and its charms. Embrace Egypt's unique weather conditions and discover a remarkable land and people.

The following table for you as a guide so that you know  what to expect and what to bring:

 

M		Cairo Min/Max	Alex Min/Max	Luxor Min/Max	Aswan Min/Max	Hurghada Min/Max	Sharm El-Sheik Min/Max
Jan	C F	8.6/19.1 47/66	9.3/18.3 49/65	5.4/23 42/74	8/23.8 46/75	24/18 75/64	24/21 75/70
Feb	C F	9.3/21 48/69	9.7/19.2 49/67	6.8/25.4 44/78	9.4/26.1 49/79	25/18 77/64	25/20 77/68
Mar	C F	11.2/23.7 52/75	11.3/21 52/70	10.7/29 51/84	12.6/30.4 54/86	26/20 79/68	25/21 77/70
Apr	C F	13.9/28.2 56/83	14.5/23.6 58/75	15.7/35 60/95	17.5/36 63/97	31/25 88/77	31/22 87/71
May	C F	17.4/32.4 63/90	16.7/26.5 62/80	20.7/39.3 69/103	21.1/38.5 71/101	35/26 95/79	28/24 82/75
June	C F	19.9/34.5 68/95	20.4/28.2 69/83	22.6/41 72/107	24.2/42.1 76/108	37/28 99/82	32/25 89/77
July	C F	21.5/35.4 71/96	22.7/29.6 73/86	23.6/40.8 74/106	24.5/42 76/108	40/28 107/82	37/26 98/78
Aug	C F	21.6/34.8 71/95	22.9/30.4 73/87	23.5/41 74/107	24.7/41.3 76/107	42/29 108/84	38/28 100/82
Sep	C F	19.9/23.3 68/89	21.3/29.4 71/85	21.5/38.5 71/101	22.2/39.6 72/103	38/27 100/81	34/29 93/84
Oct	C F	17.8/29.8 64/86	17.9/27.7 64/82	17.8/35.1 64/95	19.3/36.6 66/99	32/25 90/77	30/27 86/80
Nov	C F	12.1/24.1 54/75	14.8/24.4 59/76	12.3/29.6 54/85	14.5/30.2 58/86	26/23  79/73	27/25 80/75
Dec	C F	10.4/20.7 51/69	11.2/20.4 52/69	7.7/24.8 45/76	9.9/20.5 50/69	26/19 79/66	23/23 73/73