Guide to Egypt's Weather

Guide to Egypt's Weather

Egypt, a North-East African country, is renowned for its rich history, diverse culture, and distinct weather conditions. From the scorching heat of the desert to the mild Mediterranean coast, Egypt presents a myriad of weather patterns that intrigue both locals and tourists. This article will delve into Egypt's dynamic climatic conditions, providing a comprehensive guide to help you plan your next trip to this ancient land.
Egypt's Climate Overview
In a nutshell, Egypt's climate is primarily hot and dry, with a significant portion of the country immersed in the Sahara desert. The country experiences a Mediterranean climate along the North Coast, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Going further into the country, the climate shifts to a hot desert climate with virtually no rainfall.
This climatic shift is affected by the northeastern winds continuously blowing over the northern coast, moderating temperatures throughout the year. However, these winds cannot penetrate the vast deserts of Egypt's interior, leading to more extreme temperatures.

Seasonal Variations in Egypt

Egypt's weather can be broadly divided into two seasons - a hot season from May to October and a fantastic season from October to May. During the hot season, sun protection is paramount, especially for fair-skinned individuals. It's advised to wear light and comfortable clothing made of 100% cotton along with reliable footwear.
In contrast, the winter season is milder, with occasional rainfall along the Mediterranean coast. However, the cold winds blowing over the desert at sunrise and sunset can make the weather surprisingly hard. It's recommended to bring a few items of light but warm clothing to cope with the cold early mornings and the occasional cold snap.

Weather in Major Cities

Cairo

Egypt's capital, Cairo, experiences the typical hot and dry summer and mild winter. The city's summer starts in May and lasts until October, with temperatures often exceeding 35°C. The humidity during this period can make the heat uncomfortable, so planning indoor activities during the afternoon is advised.
Winter, on the other hand, is mild with some rain. The temperatures can fall to around 14°C, meaning it's a good idea to pack some light but warm clothing.

Alexandria

Located on the northern coast, Alexandria experiences a Mediterranean climate. The city experiences mild, spring-like winters with temperatures around 18-20°C and long, humid, sunny summers around 30°C. The humidity in Alexandria is exceptionally high, especially in the delta of the Nile River.

Luxor and Aswan

In the southern part of the country, cities like Luxor and Aswan experience scorching hot summers with average high temperatures exceeding 40°C. Even the winters in these cities are warm, with temperatures averaging around 24°C.

Weather along the Red Sea Coast

The Red Sea coast experiences a subtropical desert climate. Here, the temperatures are higher than on the Mediterranean coast but lower than in the inland areas. However, summer is sweltering and can reach as high as 41°C.
The Red Sea coast is sunny all year round with deficient rainfall. This makes it an ideal destination for beach lovers and water sports enthusiasts.

Prevailing Winds and Sandstorms

Egypt is affected by a hot, dry, and dusty wind known as the khamasīn. This wind blows from the south or the southwest, picking up sand and dust particles from the vast desert regions. The khamasīn can cause temperatures to soar temporarily to dangerous levels, usually over 45°C, and decrease the relative humidity to below 5%.

Rainfall Patterns in Egypt

Egypt receives minimal rainfall, most occurring along the Mediterranean coast. The annual rain decreases rapidly as you move southward. Cairo, for example, receives just about 29mm of rain each year. In many desert locations, it may rain only once in several years.

Air Quality in Egypt

Air quality in Egypt can vary greatly depending on the location and time of year. In recent years, Cairo has experienced increasing humidity levels, which, combined with the city's pollution, can make the air quality poor, especially during the summer.

Temperature Variations in Different Regions

Its geographical features primarily influence temperature variations in Egypt. The coastal region experiences average annual temperatures ranging from a maximum of 37° C (99° F) to a minimum of 14° C (57° F). In contrast, the deserts see a wide variation of temperature, ranging from a maximum of 46° C (114° F) during daylight hours to a minimum of 6° C (42° F) after sunset.

Weather-based Health Considerations

Given the extreme heat and dry conditions, staying hydrated is essential. If you are heading out into the desert, you should ensure you have a good water stock. Egyptian mineral water is widely available and affordable.
In conclusion, Egypt's weather can be challenging, but proper preparation shouldn't hinder your enjoyment of this fascinating country. From the mild Mediterranean coast to the hot desert interior, each region offers a unique climate that adds to the overall appeal of Egypt. Whether planning a beach vacation along the Red Sea coast or a historical tour in Cairo, understanding Egypt's weather is crucial to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable trip.